Journal: Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

Article Title: Underrecognized Arthropod-Borne and Zoonotic Pathogens in Northern and Northwestern Thailand: Serological Evidence and Opportunities for Awareness

doi: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1776

Figure Lengend Snippet: Seroprevalence of IgG against Coxiella burnetii , Ehrlichia chaffeensis , Bartonella henselae , Anaplasma phagocytophilum , and Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae (SFGR) in Patient Samples from Chiangrai and Mae Sot (Total n =375)

Article Snippet: For the E. chaffeensis IgG IFA (cat. no. ECHG-120, Fuller Laboratories, Fullerton, CA), samples were screened at a 1:64 dilution.

Techniques:

Journal: Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

Article Title: Underrecognized Arthropod-Borne and Zoonotic Pathogens in Northern and Northwestern Thailand: Serological Evidence and Opportunities for Awareness

doi: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1776

Figure Lengend Snippet: Multiple Seropositivity at the Chiangrai and Mae Sot Study Sites

Article Snippet: For the E. chaffeensis IgG IFA (cat. no. ECHG-120, Fuller Laboratories, Fullerton, CA), samples were screened at a 1:64 dilution.

Techniques:

Journal: Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

Article Title: Underrecognized Arthropod-Borne and Zoonotic Pathogens in Northern and Northwestern Thailand: Serological Evidence and Opportunities for Awareness

doi: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1776

Figure Lengend Snippet: Age group seroprevalence of C. burnetii , E. chaffeensis , B. henselae , A. phagocytophilum , and SFGR IgG titers in patient samples from Mae Sot ( A ) and Chiangrai ( B ). MS QF, Mae Sot Q fever; MS E, Mae Sot Ehrlichia ; MS BT, Mae Sot Bartonella ; MS A, Mae Sot Anaplasma ; MS SFG, Mae Sot spotted fever group rickettsiae; CR QF, Chiangrai Q fever; CR E, Chiangrai Ehrlichia ; CR BT, Chiangrai Bartonella ; CR A, Chiangrai Anaplasma ; CR SFG, Chiangrai spotted fever group rickettsiae.

Article Snippet: For the E. chaffeensis IgG IFA (cat. no. ECHG-120, Fuller Laboratories, Fullerton, CA), samples were screened at a 1:64 dilution.

Techniques:

Journal: Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

Article Title: Ehrlichia and Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae Surveillance in Amblyomma americanum in Virginia Through Use of a Novel Six-Plex Real-Time PCR Assay

doi: 10.1089/vbz.2013.1509

Figure Lengend Snippet: Primers and Probes

Article Snippet: E. chaffeensis was also absent in the two sites sampled in Southside Virginia, but was detected in a relatively high proportion of ticks from Fort Pickett within that same region.

Techniques: Sequencing, Amplification

Journal: Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

Article Title: Ehrlichia and Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae Surveillance in Amblyomma americanum in Virginia Through Use of a Novel Six-Plex Real-Time PCR Assay

doi: 10.1089/vbz.2013.1509

Figure Lengend Snippet: Amblyomma americanum Adults Submitted to the US Army Public Health Command a

Article Snippet: E. chaffeensis was also absent in the two sites sampled in Southside Virginia, but was detected in a relatively high proportion of ticks from Fort Pickett within that same region.

Techniques:

Journal: Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

Article Title: Ehrlichia and Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae Surveillance in Amblyomma americanum in Virginia Through Use of a Novel Six-Plex Real-Time PCR Assay

doi: 10.1089/vbz.2013.1509

Figure Lengend Snippet: Amblyomma americanum Nymphs Submitted to US Army Public Health Command a

Article Snippet: E. chaffeensis was also absent in the two sites sampled in Southside Virginia, but was detected in a relatively high proportion of ticks from Fort Pickett within that same region.

Techniques:

Journal: Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

Article Title: Ehrlichia and Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae Surveillance in Amblyomma americanum in Virginia Through Use of a Novel Six-Plex Real-Time PCR Assay

doi: 10.1089/vbz.2013.1509

Figure Lengend Snippet: Virginia Amblyomma americanum Nymphs by Survey Regions, Collection Sites, Collection Dates, and Test Results for Ehrlichia Species

Article Snippet: E. chaffeensis was also absent in the two sites sampled in Southside Virginia, but was detected in a relatively high proportion of ticks from Fort Pickett within that same region.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Comparative Genomics of the Zoonotic Pathogen Ehrlichia chaffeensis Reveals Candidate Type IV Effectors and Putative Host Cell Targets

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00204

Figure Lengend Snippet: Main biological and genetic characteristics of the eight Ehrlichia chaffeensis strains analyzed .

Article Snippet: Complete genome sequences of E. chaffeensis strains were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database ( ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genomes/Bacteria/ ).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Comparative Genomics of the Zoonotic Pathogen Ehrlichia chaffeensis Reveals Candidate Type IV Effectors and Putative Host Cell Targets

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00204

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparative genomics of 8 Ehrlichia chaffeensis strains. (A) Phylogenetic tree of 8 E. chaffeensis strains. FastTree based on the Mauve alignment of the whole genomes of 8 E. chaffeensis strains. The node values indicate the local support values of the Shimodaira-Hasegawa test. The number outside the tree shows the genetic group of each strain, the West Paces strain was assigned to genetic group II due to the high level of conservation with the Heartland strain. (B) Alignments of 8 E. chaffeensis genomes generated using Mauve software (Darling et al., ) ( http://gel.ahabs.wisc.edu/mauve/ ). Locally collinear blocks (LCBs), shown as rounded rectangles, represent regions with no rearrangement of homologous sequences across genomes. The forward or reverse orientation of the LCBs is indicated by their position, respectively above or below the line. Lines between the genomes trace orthologous LCBs. Using default parameters resulting in a minimum LCB weight of 70, there are 7 LCBs across all the genomes. The LCB weight defines the minimum number of matching nucleotides in a collinear region for it to be considered homologous across genomes and not the result of a spurious match. Regions outside LCBs were too divergent in at least one genome to be aligned successfully. Inside each LCB, vertical bars represent the similarity profile of the genome sequence. The height of each bar corresponds to the average level of conservation in that region of the genome sequence. (C) Shared and specific gene content between 8 E. chaffeensis strains. Each colored petal represents a different E. chaffeensis genome. The number in the center of the diagram represents the number of orthologous genes shared by all the genomes, thus defining the E. chaffeensis core genome. The number inside each individual petal corresponds to the number of genes that are absent from the core genome, and the numbers in brackets correspond to the number of genes specific to this strain. The number outside each petal shows the genetic group of each strain.

Article Snippet: Complete genome sequences of E. chaffeensis strains were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database ( ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genomes/Bacteria/ ).

Techniques: Generated, Software, Sequencing

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Comparative Genomics of the Zoonotic Pathogen Ehrlichia chaffeensis Reveals Candidate Type IV Effectors and Putative Host Cell Targets

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00204

Figure Lengend Snippet: Putative type IV effectors (T4Es) identified by the S4TE algorithm .

Article Snippet: Complete genome sequences of E. chaffeensis strains were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database ( ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genomes/Bacteria/ ).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Comparative Genomics of the Zoonotic Pathogen Ehrlichia chaffeensis Reveals Candidate Type IV Effectors and Putative Host Cell Targets

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00204

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of Ehrlichia chaffeensis effectomes according to local gene density. (A) Distribution of E. chaffeensis str. Arkansas genes according to the length of their flanking intergenic regions (FIRs). All E. chaffeensis genes were sorted into 2-dimensional bins according to the length of their 5′ (y-axis) and 3′ (x-axis) FIRs. The number of genes in the bins is represented by a color-coded density graph. Genes whose FIRs are both longer than the median FIR length were considered as gene-sparse region (GSR) genes. Genes whose FIRs are both below the median value were considered as gene-dense region (GDR) genes. In-between region (IBR) genes are genes with a long 5′FIR and short 3′FIR, or inversely. Candidate effectors predicted using the S4TE algorithm were s plotted on this distribution according to their own 3′ and 5′ FIRs. A color is assigned to each of the three following groups: Red to GDRs, orange to IBRs, and blue to GSRs. (B) Distribution of genes in GDRs, IBRs, and GSRs of E. chaffeensis strains. The proportion of the genome and the effectome that occurs in GDRs (red), IBRs (orange), and in GSRs (blue) is indicated.

Article Snippet: Complete genome sequences of E. chaffeensis strains were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database ( ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genomes/Bacteria/ ).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology

Article Title: Comparative Genomics of the Zoonotic Pathogen Ehrlichia chaffeensis Reveals Candidate Type IV Effectors and Putative Host Cell Targets

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00204

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protein-protein interaction network between the E. chaffeensis str. Liberty effectome and the human genome . A sub-cellular location was predicted with the S4TE algorithm ( http://sate.cirad.fr ) for Ehrlichia candidate effectors (left) and with CELLO2GO software ( http://cello.life.nctu.edu.tw/cello2go/ ) for human proteins (right). Blue and red circles represent predicted T4Es located in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of the host cell, respectively. Blue, red, pink, green, purple, yellow, and turquoise hexagons represent the different locations of targeted human proteins in the host cell. Hexagons harbor several colors when CELLO2GO predicts several probable subcellular locations.

Article Snippet: Complete genome sequences of E. chaffeensis strains were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database ( ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genomes/Bacteria/ ).

Techniques: Software